On May 21, 2025, images shared on China’s social media platform Weibo by a well-known account sparked speculation that the country’s fifth-generation stealth fighter jet, the J-35A, may have entered mass production. The photos show a J-35A painted in green primer, which is typically used on early production prototypes.
While official authorities have yet to comment on the production process, Chinese military analyst Ruprecht Denno stated that the aircraft is still in the testing phase and has not yet been delivered to any country. According to Denno, the J-35A will most likely be deployed by the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).
Development of the J-35A
The J-35A is being developed by the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC), a subsidiary of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). Its origins trace back to the FC-31 “Gyrfalcon” technology demonstrator, which made its first flight in 2012. Initially designed for export markets, the platform gradually attracted the attention of the Chinese military, paving the way for both land- and carrier-based versions.
The land-based version of the J-35A conducted its maiden flight on September 26, 2023. Officially introduced at the 2024 Zhuhai International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition, the aircraft was displayed with PLAAF insignia and symbols marking the air force’s 75th anniversary. With flight demonstrations and a static display, the J-35A has emerged as a key platform expected to play a pivotal role in China’s integrated air defence network.
Technical Features and Expectations
The J-35A is believed to be a twin-engine, single-seat fighter featuring internal weapons bays, DSI (diverterless supersonic inlet) air intakes, and radar-evading surface design. It is reportedly equipped with an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar system, electro-optical targeting systems, and helmet-mounted displays.
Future variants may feature WS-19 engines, with estimates placing the aircraft’s maximum takeoff weight at 28 tonnes and its operational range between 1,200 and 1,900 kilometres. The J-35A is expected to carry PL-10 and PL-15 air-to-air missiles and precision-guided munitions, with six internal missile bays and additional external hardpoints.
Milestone in Naval Variant
The carrier-based version of the J-35 was successfully launched via electromagnetic catapult from the Fujian (Type 003) aircraft carrier at the end of March 2025. If confirmed, this marks a historic step toward the deployment of stealth aircraft on Chinese carriers. Analysts suggest that the Fujian could host up to 48 J-35s, whereas earlier carriers like the Liaoning and Shandong may support a more limited deployment.
Export Potential: Pakistan and Egypt in Talks
Although China remains focused on domestic development, international interest in the J-35A is growing. Reports claim Pakistan is preparing to order 40 J-35As, with initial deliveries slated for 2026. Egypt is also reportedly in early-stage talks. AVIC is said to be working on an export-specific variant called the “J-35E,” although specific details remain unclear.
Comparisons to the F-35 and Ongoing Debate
Frequent comparisons have been made between the J-35A and the American-made F-35 in terms of appearance and functionality. However, experts argue that these comparisons are often exaggerated due to limited information and stress that the J-35 features many original, indigenous design elements. Chinese and Russian military sources maintain that the aircraft is a product of purely Chinese engineering.
