Following the tragic crash of Air India Flight 171 in India, a comprehensive investigation is underway focusing on four primary theories regarding the cause of the accident. The aircraft crashed into a residential area just 40 seconds after takeoff, leaving many experts puzzled, and the cause remains unclear.
Investigation Widens: Wreckage, Black Box, and Fuel Analysis at the Core
Investigators who arrived at the crash site are continuing their analysis of the Flight Data Recorder (FDR) and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR). Information from these devices will play a critical role in illuminating the final moments of the aircraft.
Authorities have announced that a preliminary report is planned to be released within 30 days, with a detailed and technical final report expected within one year.
Four Possible Scenarios Leading to the Crash
Technical analysis has highlighted four main scenarios:
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Both engines may have failed due to bird strikes or fuel contamination, which is the primary consideration.
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Incorrect positioning of the flaps could have prevented the heavily loaded jet from generating sufficient lift during takeoff, especially in high temperatures.
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A maintenance error, particularly if the engines were tampered with, is being investigated as a potential factor.
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The crew may have mistakenly cut off fuel supply to both engines.
Systemic Failure or Isolated Incident?
The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is equipped with a highly advanced flight management system that provides guidance, navigation, and performance control. Investigators are reviewing the system’s fault history to determine whether the crash was caused by a systemic issue affecting the fleet or a singular failure.
India’s Directorate General of Civil Aviation stated on June 17 that recent inspections of Air India’s 787 fleet did not reveal any significant safety concerns.
Close Monitoring of the Fuel System
The investigation team is thoroughly examining fuel filters, valves, pipes, and residual fuel inside the aircraft to identify possible fuel contamination or blockages.
Additionally, data from the ACARS system, which transmits flight information to Boeing and the airline during flight, will be analyzed retrospectively to assess aircraft performance and system alerts.
Pilot History and Training Records Under Review
The investigation also scrutinizes the crew’s:
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License validity,
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Recent flight hours and rest periods,
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Simulator training results,
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Instructor evaluations.
Particular attention will be paid to how pilots respond to engine failure scenarios, comparing this with simulator data.
All Parts and Maintenance Actions Documented
Maintenance history prior to the crash, especially replaced or removed parts, is being closely analyzed. Investigators are checking for any recurring failure signals in previous flights.
Next Steps and Global Implications
This tragic event has implications not only for India but for aviation safety worldwide. Flights and maintenance procedures involving Boeing 787 aircraft will be closely monitored to prevent similar incidents.
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